Reduction of Relative Clauses
(YDS-YÖKDİL-YDT)
REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
DERS NOTLARI
Reduction of Relative Clauses
Genel Kurallar
Sıfat cümleciğinin Relative Pronoun’u özne konumunda ise (yanında fiil varsa) Defining & Non-Defining fark etmeden Relative Pronoun cümleden atılarak ve cümlecikte değişiklik yaparak kısaltma yapılabilir.
I have seen the most famous player of Real Madrid, who is known by everybody. ✔
I have seen the most famous player of Real Madrid, who(m) everybody knows. ✘
Reduction of Relative Clauses
Active Clauses
Yan cümlenin zamanı farketmeksizin Relative Pronoun ve varsa yardımcı fiiller atılır ve fiil Present Participle (Ving) olarak değiştirilir.
There are some benefits for the employees who work in harsh conditions.
There are some benefits for the employees who have been working in harsh conditions since pandemic.
There were some benefits for the employees who worked in harsh conditions then.
There are / were some benefits for the employees working in harsh conditions.
Reduction of Relative Clauses
Active Clauses More Examples
We have to understand and evaluate wearable healthcare devices, which are becoming very hot topics of today.
We have to understand and evaluate wearable healthcare devices, becoming very hot topics of today.
There were some places that lost lots of manufacturing jobs in 2001.
There were some places losing lots of manufacturing jobs in 2001.
Reduction of Relative Clauses
Active Clauses / Zaman Farkı
Yan cümlecik ile temel cümlenin zamanı arasındaki farkı belirtmek için Relative Pronoun ve varsa yardımcı fiiller atılır ve fiil having + Past Participle (V3) olarak değiştirilir.
The astronomer who arrived moon is still famous around the world.
The astronomer having arrived moon is still famous around the world.
Reduction of Relative Clauses
Passive Clauses
Yan cümlenin zamanı farketmeksizin Relative Pronoun ve yardımcı fiiller atılır ve fiil Past Participle (V3) olarak değiştirilir.
The German consumer usually expects payment methods which are not used in the US.
The German consumer usually expects payment methods not used in the US.
Reduction of Relative Clauses
Passive Clauses More Examples
In the past, robots were limited to perform repetitive tasks on similar parts that were fixed within known coordinates.
In the past, robots were limited to perform repetitive tasks on similar parts fixed within known coordinates.
Centrifugal chargers are best for cars that are going to be used for racing.
Centrifugal chargers are best for cars used for racing.
Reduction of Relative Clauses
Passive Clauses / Continuous Tenses
Yan cümlecik Past veya Present Continuous Passive ise zamanı farketmeksizin Relative Pronoun ve yardımcı fiiller atılır ve fiil being + Past Participle (V3) olarak değiştirilir.
Councillors said they were pleased with the amount of rubbish which was being recycled after changes to the waste collection system.
Councillors said they were pleased with the amount of rubbish being recycled after changes to the waste collection system.
Reduction of Relative Clauses
Passive Clauses / Zaman Farkı
Yan cümlecik ile temel cümlenin zamanı arasındaki farkı belirtmek için Relative Pronoun ve yardımcı fiiller atılır ve fiil having been + Past Participle (V3) olarak değiştirilir.
The monitoring experiment which was carried out in 2005 should be revised in no time.
The monitoring experiment having been carried out in 2005 should be revised in no time.
Reduction of Relative Clauses
Reduction Summary
| Zaman Farkı | Active | Passive |
| Yok | Ving | V3 being V3 (Cont.) |
Var | having V3 | having been V3 |
The boy looking for a flat was tired.
The boy having looked for a flat is tired.
The child looked for was here.
The child being looked for was here.
The child having been looked for is here.
Reduction of Relative Clauses
Be + Adjectives / Prepositions / Nouns
Yan cümlenin zamanı farketmeksizin Relative Pronoun ve ve yardımcı fiille beraber be fiili (is/was/has been etc.) atılır.
You should not discuss with the people who are illiterate.
You should not discuss with the people illiterate.
Reduction of Relative Clauses
Be + Adjectives / Prepositions / Nouns More Examples
We’re going to visit Istanbul, which is the biggest city of Turkey, which is a nice country to visit.
We’re going to visit Istanbul, the biggest city of Turkey, a nice country to visit.
I was home alone, except for my father, who was upstairs asleep.
I was home alone, except for my father, upstairs asleep.
Reduction of Relative Clauses
to + V1
Ana cümlede nitelenen isim aşağıdaki yapılarla tanımlandıysa veya yan cümlecikte modal varsa Relative Pronoun ve varsa yardımcı fiiller ya da modallar atılır ve fiil to infinitive ( to + V1) olarak değiştirilir.
THE ONLY / THE NEXT / THE FIRST / THE LAST ETC.
(MAIN CL)
Newly found fossil could be the first animal that walked on land.
Newly found fossil could be the first animal to walk on land.
SUPERLATIVES (MAIN CL)
ZRF is the biggest musical event which has ever taken place in Turkey.
ZRF is the biggest musical event ever to take place in Turkey.
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS (MAIN CL)
Would you like anything that you can eat?
Would you like anything to eat?
MODALS (RELATIVE CL)
I need some people who can proofread and edit my cookbook.
I need some people to proofread and edit my cookbook.
Reduction of Relative Clauses
to + V1 / Zaman Farkı
Yan cümlecik ile temel cümlenin zamanı arasındaki farkı belirtmek için Relative Pronoun ve yardımcı fiiller atılır ve fiil to have + Past Participle (V3) olarak değiştirilir.
Cernan became the eleventh person to walk on the moon and, as of 2018, is the last person who walked on the Moon.
Cernan became the eleventh person to walk on the moon and, as of 2018, is the last person to have walked on the Moon
Reduction of Relative Clauses
to + be V3 / Passive
To + V1 ile kısaltılan yapıların Passive hallerini kısaltmak için Relative Pronoun ve varsa yardımcı fiiller ya da modallar atılır ve fiil to be + Past Participle (V3) olarak değiştirilir.
Whatever its origins, the dog was the first animal which was domesticated by early humans.
Whatever its origins, the dog was the first animal to be domesticated by early humans.
Reduction of Relative Clauses
to + be V3 / Passive / Zaman Farkı
Yan cümlecik ile temel cümlenin zamanı arasındaki farkı belirtmek için Relative Pronoun ve yardımcı fiiller atılır ve fiil to have been + Past Participle (V3) olarak değiştirilir.
Child marriage is the most disgusting crime that has been witnessed in human history.
Child marriage is the most disgusting crime to have been witnessed in human history.
Reduction of Relative Clauses
To Infinitive / Reduction Summary
| Zaman Farkı | Active | Passive |
| Yok | to V1 | to be V3 |
Var | to have V3 | to have been V3 |
He is the last person to do it.
He is the last person to have done it.
She is the last person to be sent there.
She is the last person to have been sent there.
Reduction of Relative Clauses
With
Yan cümlecikte sahip olmak anlamında have fiili kullanıldığında Relative Pronoun ve have fiili atılır ve yerine with kullanılır.
Most children who have asthma have symptoms before they turn 5.
Most children with asthma have symptoms before they turn 5.
Using Reduced Non-Defining R.C at the Beginning of a Sentence
Non-Defining cümleciğin kısaltması bazı durumlarda cümle başında kullanılabilir. Bu tür kullanımlara özellikle cümle tamamlama sorularında dikkat edilmelidir. Özneler etken / edilgenlik durumuna göre dikkatlice eşleştirilmelidir.
The concept, having been discussed centuries ago by Montesquieu, is hardly new.
Having been discussed centuries ago by Montesquieu, the concept is hardly new.
The teacher, tired of being sleepless before every lesson, is working late at night again.
Tired of being sleepless before every lesson, the teacher is working late at night again.
Star Wars, a marvellous movie, was shot in Death Valley, California.
A marvellous movie, Star Wars was shot in Death Valley, California.
The Yellow River Scenic Area, with a lot of picturesque view points, is situated in the northwest of the city.
With a lot of picturesque view points, the Yellow River Scenic Area is situated in the northwest of the city.
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