Types of Adverbs
(YDS-YÖKDİL-YDT)

Types of Adverbs DERS NOTLARI

Types of Adverbs
Adverbs of Time

Zaman zarfları cümledeki eylemin gerçekleştiği zaman ile ilgili bilgi verirler.

Cümle sonunda, başında veya fiilden sonra kullanılabilirler.

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For the last two decades, research has focused on the International Space Station (ISS).


This dam will not have been completed even by the end of this year.


A bus leaving on time may end up late for some reason.

Types of Adverbs
Adverbs of Frequency

Sıklık zarfları olarak bilinen bu yapılar bir eylemin ne kadar sıklıkla yapıldığını gösteren, “How often…?” sorusuna cevap olarak verilen kelimelerdir.

%100always
%90usually
%80normally / generally
%70often / frequently
%50sometimes
%30occasionally
%10seldom
%5hardly ever / rarely
%0never

1- Sıklık zarfları genellikle “be” yardımcı fiilinden sonra gelirler.

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Sue is usually busy.

2- Can, should, would gibi modallar varsa sıklık  zarfı modallardan sonra, “be” fiilinden önce kullanılır.

“Have to” kullanılmış ise ondan da önce kullanılır.

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Sue should always be careful.


Sue always has to be careful.

3 – Sıklık zarfları genellikle fiillerden önce kullanılırlar.

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Sue usually works late hours.


Sue doesn’t usually work late hours.

4 – Sometimes, occasionally, frequently olumsuz yardımcı fiilden önce kullanılır.

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Most of the patients admit that they occasionally don’t take their medication.

5 – Often, generally, usually olumsuz cümlelerde yardımcı fiilden önce ya da sonra kullanılabilir.

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Our employees usually don’t spend money on food when they are at work.


Our employees don’t usually spend money on food when they are at work.

6 – Sometimes, occasionally, frequently, usually, often, normally cümle başında ya da sonunda kullanılabilir.

DİKKAT!

“Rarely” ve “seldom” cümlenin sonunda sadece “very” ya da “quite” zarfları ile birlikte kullanılır.

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Sometimes, I like to eat French food.


Occasionally, they prefer staying with us.


I watch Dexter frequently.


He is not tired usually.


I talk to him quite rarely*.

*rarely olumlu fiil yapısına olumsuz anlam katar.

Types of Adverbs
Adverbs of Frequency
Olumsuzluk Katanlar

1 – Never, hardly ever, rarely, seldom olumlu yapılarda kullanılır. Olumlu yapıya olumsuz anlam katarlar.

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I hardly ever go to bed at 11 pm.

(I don’t go to bed at 11 pm. at all)

2 – Olumsuz anlam katan sıklık zarfları cümle başındaysa, cümle devrik yapıda olmalıdır.

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Never does she hear the phone’s ringing when I call her.

(She doesn’t hear the phones ringing.)

DİKKAT!

Sometimes sıklık zarfı olarak kullanılırken “sometime” zaman zarfı olarak kullanılmaktadır.

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A remarkable example of attack diversion is found in the cuttlefish, which sometimes ejects a cloud of dark, viscous ink.


Sometime last year, office-wide resentment began as those who wanted a smoke break spent at least 15 minutes for each break.

DİKKAT!

Bir cümlede hem sıklık zarfı hem de zaman zarfı varsa fiilin zamanı sıklık zarfına göre değil zaman zarfına göre seçilmelidir.

Aynı şekilde zaman bildiren bir yan cümle varsa fiilin zamanı sıklık zarfına göre değil yan cümleye göre seçilir.

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I used to study very often last year, but I rarely study now.


People will never understand the importance of education before the societies collapse.

Types of Adverbs
Adverbs of Manner

Durum Zarfları olarak adlandırılan bu zarflar eylemin nasıl gerçekleştiği ile ilgili bilgi verirler.

Fiilden sonra, fiilin nesnesinden sonra ya da fiilden önce kullanımları vardır.

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The field of international trade has been studied diligently by economists and others.


Boswell studied law reluctantly under his father’s personal direction, yet continued his diary keeping and publishing.


I put lotion on a broken foot and in 15 minutes the swelling significantly decreased.

Types of Adverbs
Adverbs of Degree

Bir eylemi, sıfatı ya da zarfı niteleyen bu tür zarfların görevi nitelediği yapının derecesini bildirmektir.

Nitelediği yapıya göre değişkenlik göstermekle birlikte cümle içinde farklı yerlerde kullanımları vardır.

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Murad V. , who was interested in history, philosophy and painting, was rather occupied with music and architecture.

Eylemin derecesini bildiren zarflar bazı durumlarda cümlenin anlamını tamamen değiştirebilirler.

Bu sebeple cümle tamamlama sorularında önemlidirler. Ayrıca bağlaç seçimleri de bu zarfların kullanımına göre değişebilir.

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Since there may have been legitimate grounds for the use of force on some occasions, force seems to have been used in some cases.


While there may have been legitimate grounds for the use of force on some occasions, force seems to have been used excessively in some cases.

SIK KULLANILAN DERECELENDİRME ZARFLARI

almost
absolutely
awfully
badly
barely
completely
decidedly
deeply
enough
enormously
entirely
extremely
fairly
far
fully
greatly
hardly
highly
how
incredibly
indeed
intensely
just
least
less
little
little
lots
most
much
nearly
perfectly
positively
practically
pretty
purely
quite
rather
really
scarcely
simply
so
somewhat
strongly
terribly
thoroughly
too
totally
utterly
very
virtually
well

Types of Adverbs
Adverbs of Place

Fiilleri yer olarak nitelemek için kullanılan bu zarfların yanlarına isim alanları preposition görevi görürler.

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“He couldn’t have gone far. Jeremy hates to walk, and the car’s still here. So he has to be somewhere in this house,” he reasoned, leaving her frustrated when he moved back toward the stairs, emerging downward as Jamie silently followed behind him. “Where are you going?” she impatiently harped, keeping behind him as he walked toward the back of the house. “The basement,” he replied, hearing her steps quicken behind him, until he reached the basement door.

Behind the Iron Gate

SIK KULLANILAN YER ZARFLARI

about
above
abroad
away
back
…wards / ….ward
behind
below
down
downstairs
east (etc)
elsewhere
far
here
in
indoors
inside
near
nearby
off
on
out
outside
over
there
towards
under
up
upstairs
…..where

Types of Adverbs
Sentence Adverbs

Bütün cümleyi niteleyen zarflar genellikle cümleyi kuranın cümleyle ilgili bakış açısını belirtirler. Dolayısıyla cümleyi kuranın yaklaşımı ile ilgili çıkarım yapılabilir.

Cümle başında, sonunda veya ortasında kullanılabilirler.

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Apparently, the Council let the President do what he wanted.


All of our students will be studying ELT department, hopefully.


Several staff, surprisingly, showed interest in a platform for budgetary planning.

DİKKAT!

Bütün cümleyi niteleyen zarflarla, sıfatları, filleri veya diğer zarfları niteleyen zarfları birbirinden ayırmak için virgül kullanılır. Bu iki durum tamamen farklı iki anlama yol açabilir.

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Our team didn’t win luckily.

(They won because they played well.)


Our team didn’t win, luckily.

Luckily, our team didn’t win.

(I am happy that they didn’t win)

Sentence Adverbs (Opinion)

admittedly
apparently
certainly
confidentially
consequently
curiously
fortunately
frankly
happily
honestly
hopefully
incidentally
ironically
luckily
mercifully
naturally
obviously
oddly
personally
presumably
regrettably
sadly
surprisingly
thankfully
truthfully
unfortunately
unhappily
wisely

Sentence Adverbs (Contextual)

alphabetically
economically
ecumenically
generally
historically
holistically
humanistically
hypothetically
linguistically
medically
paradoxically
parenthetically
philosophically
politically
psychologically
religiously
scientifically
sociologically
structurally
stylistically
technically
therapeutically

Types of Adverbs
Conjunctive Adverbs (Transitions)

Bu zarfların kullanımını anlayabilmek için bağımlı cümle/cümlecik ve bağımsız cümlecik (Dependent Clause & Independent Clause) arasındaki farkları bilmek gerekmektedir.

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Bağımlı Cümlecik Örnekleri

Although he was in a hurry, he tried to finish what he was doing.

 The students started answering the questions after they had finished reading.

(Dependent Clauses)


Bağımsız Cümle/Cümlecik Örnekleri

He tried to finish what he was doing. However, he was in a hurry.

The students had finished reading; afterwards, they started answering the questions.

(Independent Clauses)

Bu tür zarflar iki bağımsız cümle veya bağımsız cümlecik arasında geçiş yapmak amacıyla kullanılan geçiş zarflarıdır.

DİKKAT !

Bağımsız cümleler veya cümlecikler birbirlerine bağlandığı için öncelerinde “nokta” veya “noktalı virgül”, tüm cümleyi niteledikleri için de sonralarında “virgül” kullanılır.

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Polyarthritis deprived him of almost all mobility. Nonetheless, he was eager to be a writer.


Governor told them not to be irrespective towards people; nevertheless, they persisted to do so.

İki cümle arasında geçiş yapmak amacıyla kullanıldığında ilk bağımsız cümle nokta ile sonlandırıldıktan sonra ikinci cümlenin ortasına gelebilirler.

DİKKAT !

İki bağımsız cümle arasında geçiş olarak kullanıldığında ilk bağımsız cümle nokta ile sonlandırıldıktan sonra ikinci cümlenin ortasında kullanıldıkları zaman öncelerinde ve sonralarında “virgül” kullanılır.

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Following the Oklahoma City bombing, some officers reported job satisfaction due to the sense of pride. Other officers, however, reported a decline in their job saticfaction.

Types of Adverbs
Types of Conjunctive Adverbs (Transitions)

Ek Bilgi – Sıralama

Also, Besides, Furthermore, Moreover, In addition

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Electronic items such as computers consist of delicate components that require special packaging techniques. In addition, they require special transportation to minimise road vibration.

Benzerlik

Likewise, Similarly

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Guards should discourage friends and others from congregating around the stand. Likewise, they should refrain from excessive talking with visitors.

Örneklendirme-Açıklama

For example, For instance, In other words, Namely

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Martina speaks about her work with animals; namely, puppies and dogs in the second half of the interview.

Zaman

Meanwhile, Subsequently, At that time, Finally, Next, Then, Afterward(s)

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Before the meeting the director will first meet with the students to learn more about their personality, interests and more. Afterwards, the director will meet with the parents to briefly discuss their academic priorities for their child.

Neden-Sonuç

Because of this, Accordingly, Consequently, Therefore, Hence, In Conclusion, Thus

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United States courts have declared Indians to be members of dependent nations. Thus, Indians have no legal rights that Congress must respect.

Zıtlık

However, Instead, Nevertheless, Rather, Unfortunately, On the other hand, Still

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Last night, the Ministry of Defence confirmed that sailors, airmen and women will not get their pay rise when promised. Instead, troops will get the money at a later date.

DİKKAT!

Conjunctive Adverbs ile Coordinating Conjunctions birbirleri ile karıştırılmamalıdır.

Coordinating Conjunctions (fanboys) iki bağımsız cümleciği birbirine bağlarlar. Ayrı cümleleri bağlayamazlar bu sebeple cümle başında veya noktalı virgülle kullanılmazlar ve sadece önlerinde virgül bulunur..

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Our discussion was very short, for they withdrew their complaint, and I left five hundred francs for the poor of the town.


They are the most commonly used worms when it comes to specific composting activity. Also, they can really dig deep underground.

Types of Adverbs (YDS-YÖKDİL-YDT) •(C1-C2) • Cepte İngilizce
Types of Adverbs (YDS-YÖKDİL-YDT) 28 Types of Adverbs YDS YOKDIL YDT

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